Atlantic Investors Service

Colombia, January 15, 2025 – Fitch Ratings has affirmed Banco Davivienda S.A.’s Long-and Short-Term Local and Foreign Currency Issuer Default Ratings at ‘BB+’ and ‘B’, respectively. The rating outlook for the Long-Term IDRs is Stable. Fitch has also affirmed Banco Davivienda (Costa Rica), S.A.’s (Davivienda CR) Long- and Short-Term Local and Foreign Currency Issuer Default Ratings at ‘BB+’ and ‘B’, respectively, and its Shareholder Support Rating at ‘bb+’. The Rating Outlook for the Long-Term IDRs is Stable.

Fitch has placed Scotiabank Colpatria S.A.’s (SBC) Long-Term Foreign Currency and Local Currency IDRs of ‘BBB-‘ and ‘BBB’, respectively, its Shareholder Support Rating of ‘bbb-‘, and its local subordinated debt on rating watch negative. At the same time, Fitch affirmed the bank’s Viability Rating (VR) at ‘bb’, its national ratings, including the local senior unsecured debt, at ‘AAA(col)’ and ‘F1+(col)’, respectively.

The rating watch negative on SBC’s ratings reflects the potential credit implications due to anticipated changes in its shareholder structure. This is because, upon completion of the transaction, the expected main shareholder, Davivienda, would be rated lower than the current shareholder, The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS) ‘AA-‘/ROS. Consequently, the Shareholder Support Rating, which drives the ratings, will be capped at Davivienda’s rating of ‘BB+’. Upon completion of the integration, Fitch expects SBC’s IDRs to converge toward those of Davivienda, which are in turn driven by the latter’s intrinsic credit profile as reflected in its own VR.

Fitch Ratings has also affirmed the Long- and Short-Term National Ratings of Scotiabank de Costa Rica, S.A. (Scotiabank CR) at ‘AAA(cri)’ and ‘F1+(cri)’, respectively. The Long-Term National Rating Outlook is Stable. At the same time, it affirmed the senior unsecured debt ratings at ‘AAA(cri)’.

These actions follow the Jan. 6, 2025 announcement that Davivienda has reached an agreement with BNS to integrate Scotiabank’s operations in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama into Davivienda. In exchange, Scotiabank will receive approximately 20% ownership stake in the new combined operations and participation on the Board of Directors. Simultaneously, BNS will purchase Grupo Mercantil Colpatria S.A.’s stake (44%) in SBC. This strategic move aims to consolidate their market position in Colombia and Central America and capitalize on synergies between Davivienda and BNS. The transaction is dependent on regulatory approval from authorities in Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama.

Upon completion of the non-cash agreement, Davivienda’s assets, liabilities, and equity are expected to grow by 40% while maintaining its capital position relatively stable without any goodwill generation. The strengthened market position in these three markets will enhance Davivienda’s footprint as a regional leader, while synergies from BNS will provide access to a broad global offering of financial solutions.

Fitch expects to resolve the rating watch negative on SBC upon closing of the transaction, which could take more than six months.

Key Rating Drivers: The affirmation of Davivienda’s ratings reflects Fitch’s expectation that this transaction will not negatively impact its operations or its strong business and financial profiles. Particularly, Fitch expects Capitalization core metric to be maintained above 10%, once the transaction is completed. Upside potential is limited due to challenges regarding the integration of bank operations and the significant efforts needed to normalize asset quality and profitability, mainly in Colombia, which remain contingent on its disciplined lending standards and pace of growth.

Strong Business Profile: Davivienda’s business profile is underpinned by its stable total operating income, strong market position in Colombia and leading franchise in Central America. Davivienda has a diversified business model, serving more than 24 million customers and offering a full suite of retail and commercial banking, as well as wealth management and capital market services. Fitch expects improvements in total operating income, efficiency and profitability, based on strengthened geographic diversification and synergies between the two entities once the integration of operations is completed.

Source: Fitch Ratings

Corporates

Impact of US Tariffs on Auto Industry: Key Insights

March 29, 2025 AtlanticIS

United States, February 10, 2025 – The recently announced US tariffs on imports from Mexico and Canada, if eventually implemented, could put pressure on the credit metrics of some global automakers. However, automakers plan to take various mitigating measures, which could offset the impact of the tariffs on their credit profiles.

On 1 February, the US announced a 25% tariff on most imports from Mexico and Canada (and a 10% tariff on China). The day before these measures were due to take effect, agreements with Mexico and Canada were reached to pause them for one month for negotiations on such subjects as migration, border security and trade. It is unclear what will emerge from the US-Mexico and US-Canada negotiations and how far the US is prepared to revise its proposals.

The potential 25% tariffs on Mexico would have the most significant implications for global automakers due to large exports of vehicles produced in the country to the US, followed by the proposed measures against Canada. The additional tariffs against China are likely to have a limited impact on the sector due to decoupling from the country’s supply chains in previous years.

Potential implications of the tariffs are likely to vary by company and will depend on the direct exposure to exports from Mexico and Canada to the US and the ability to pass tariffs on to customers, cut costs, increase prices on other vehicles to spread the costs of the tariffs, reroute shipments or implement other mitigating measures. It is not expected any material changes in the production footprints of supply chains until there is clarity about the tariff implementation.

Honda, General Motors, Nissan and Stellantis have the highest exposure to the US tariffs in a rated portfolio of original equipment manufacturers due to the high share of vehicles imported to the US from Mexico and Canada in their global sales.

Issuers with adequate or ample rating headroom will have greater flexibility to withstand the impact of the US tariffs than those with tight headroom. The Negative Outlooks on Nissan and Stellantis reflect weak performance in North America, which led to a drop in the companies’ profitability and cash flows even before the tariffs were announced.

Potential implications in this sector will be assessed based on prospects for the tariffs being implemented in full, whether they are likely to be temporary, retaliatory measures and corporates’ mitigating strategies.

Source: Fitch Ratings

Countries

US corporate default tally in 2023 was highest since pandemic, with more to come this year

April 20, 2024April 20, 2024 AtlanticIS

United States, January 31, 2024

Elevated defaults point to rising tide in early 2024 before easing by year-end. Nonfinancial corporate family defaults nearly tripled to 92 in 2023 from 31 in 2022, the highest annual default tally since 2020. Our 12-month trailing issuer-weighted default rate wrapped the year at 5.6%, and is set to peak at 5.8% in early 2024, before slowly reverting to its historic average by June 2024 and then moderating further to around 4% by year-end. Although Q.o.Q. defaults were unchanged at 20 in Q4, levels remain elevated.
Private equity (PE) backed companies lead Q4 defaults. In contrast to public counterparts, defaulted PE-owned companies affected more loans than bonds, with about $7.8 billion versus $5.0 billion, respectively. Given the high incidence of senior secured loan-only LBOs among distressed issuers, leveraged loans will continue to experience higher defaults than high yield bonds. Majority of Q4 DEs involved amend-and-extend transactions, including loan maturity extensions, interest rate conversions to PIK.
Half of Q4 defaults were repeat defaulters, with 70% of these having a PE backer. Most re-defaulters were companies which completed at least one round of DEs in the past, followed by another out-of-court restructuring during the last three months of the year. Many were companies which had undergone one or two rounds of DEs previously and ultimately sought Chapter 11 protection or missed debt payments. We expect this trend to persist through most of next year, as the default rate is set to remain above average through the first half of the year.
Media sector stood out in Q4 with three defaults, completed as distressed exchanges (DEs) . However, the total defaulted debt for this group was small relative to the largest defaults in the telecommunications, retail, services, healthcare and packaging sectors. Looking ahead, the telecommunications and durable consumer goods sectors will face the highest default rates projected for 2024.
Credit risks remain high for lower-rated segment of spec-grade universe. The distressed subset of the B3N List, Caa2-PD and lower rated companies rose to 97, up from 87 in the previous quarter and 82 a year earlier. Many of these weaker private companies will succumb to default as liquidity conditions for those in the leveraged loan market deteriorates in the months ahead.

Credit Outlook: 1 February 2024. Pg. 35
Moody’s Investors Service

Corporates

Gol files for Chapter 11, a credit negative for Abra and certain ABS deals, neutral for Avianca

April 20, 2024 AtlanticIS

Brazil, January 25, 2024 – Gol Linhas Aereas Inteligentes S.A. (Ca negative) filed for voluntary protection under the US Chapter 11 financial reorganization process. Gol’s reorganization process increases liquidity risks for its parent company, Abra Group Limited (Caa3 negative), and the possibility of rental cash flow disruption for certain asset-backed securities (ABS) deals with significant exposure to aircraft leased to Gol.

As part of the filing for Chapter 11, Gol was granted an automatic stay for all debt obligations, including the secured notes due 2028, which are the main source of cash to Abra to cover its own interest payments. The uncertainties regarding the continuity of interest payments and management fees from Gol to Abra increase Abra’s credit risk and could lead to liquidity squeezes, which led us to downgrade Abra’s ratings to Caa3 from Caa1.

At the end of January 2024, Abra had $86 million in cash. Abra’s main source of cash relates to the cash payments from Gol’s secured notes due 2028, and management fees from Gol and Avianca Group International Limited (B2 stable), which provides coverage for the cash interest payment at Abra. We estimate that Abra’s sources of cash excluding the payments from Gol cover its cash interest expense by only 0.4x-0.5x, compared with 1.5x-2x with Gol’s interest payments and management fees. Abra’s main cash outflows relate to its notes interest payments ($60 million-$70 million per year) and annual expenses at the holding level of approximately $20 million per year. With this liquidity profile, Abra could absorb up to two years with no cash inflow from Gol before consuming all of its cash position and potentially entering into a debt restructure with its own creditors.

Gol secured $950 million in a debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing to continue operating during the reorganization process, granted by creditors of Abra. The DIP could lead to continued interest payments for Abra, however the final decision is subject to court hearings as part of Gol’s reorganization process. Before Gol filed for Chapter 11, Abra signed a forbearance agreement with its creditors to avoid the exercise of the rights and remedies with respect to specified defaults as a result of Gol’s filing.

Under Chapter 11, Gol will continue renewing its fleet, returning older aircraft that are grounded and receiving new-generation aircraft. The airline will maintain the timetable to receive new aircraft that were delayed in 2023 and ones that are scheduled for delivery in 2024.

Out of the eight aircraft lease ABS that we have rated since 2021, five have exposure to aircraft1 leased to Gol. These transactions benefit from lessee diversity, with exposure to Gol in these transactions ranging from approximately 2% to 22% of the most recently reported adjusted base value. Certain ABS deals may experience some fluctuations in rent cash flow collections in the coming months as Gol undergoes reorganization. However, liquidity facilities, performance triggers, and deleveraging among other structural features, will help shield senior bondholders from risk. In the event that lease negotiations fail2, deals will likely lose rent cash flow related to the Gol lease until lessors can repossess and re-lease or sell these aircraft. Given the current aircraft shortage in the market, lessors could potentially release these aircraft at favorable lease rates or sell for a premium with shorter downtime.

For Avianca, the potential contagion channels of Gol’s filing for Chapter 11 are contained. Avianca’s post-bankruptcy exit financing contains restrictive covenants, including, among others, debt incurrence limitations, limitations on restricted payments and investments and limitations on related party transactions. Pursuant to the covenants, Avianca’s ability to distribute cash or lend funds to Abra would be very limited. These restrictions serve to insulate Avianca from the financial distress of Gol or any contagion effect on Abra.

The Chapter 11 filing is a result of an accumulated cash burn and high financial leverage for Gol derived from high interest rates, the grounding of the Boeing MAX aircraft in 2019 and the pandemic, which led to weakening liquidity. We downgraded Gol’s ratings to Ca to reflect our view of some prospect for recovery for existing secured and unsecured creditors and will subsequently withdraw the rating. With the Chapter 11, Gol expects to strengthen its financial position, while maintaining the current size of its operations.

Credit Outlook: 1 February 2024. Pg. 6
Moody’s Investors Service

Corporates

Buenaventura’s sale of its stake in Yanacocha is credit positive

February 15, 2022 AtlanticIS

Peru, February 8, 2022 – Compania de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A. (Buenaventura, B1 stable) announced that it reached an agreement to sell its 43.65% stake in Minera Yanacocha S.R.L (Yanacocha) to Newmont Corporation (Baa1 stable) for $300 million net of payments and additional $100 million contingent to increases in gold and copper prices. Additionally, Newmont will transfer its ownership interest in La Zanja and contribute $45 million related to closure costs.

The transaction is credit positive because the company will use net proceeds, together with $100 million in dividends received from its 19.58% stake in Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A.A. (Cerro Verde), to prepay its $275 million syndicated facility and fund growth capex.

In July 2021, Buenaventura issued $550 million in senior unsecured notes that were used to pay in full the Peruvian Tax Authority (SUNAT’s) tax claim. The additional debt combined with operational disruptions pushed Moody’s adjusted leverage to a 8.9 times peak in December 2020. Upon the announced debt repayment, we expect leverage to be around 4.7 times by 2022, which is still high for the ratings category. The company has publicly committed to reduce leverage and the B1 rating incorporates our expectation that Buenaventura will continue its deleveraging trend through a combination of operational improvements during 2022 and debt reduction.

The growth capex, estimated between $80 million and $120 million in 2022, will be used to fund San Gabriel project, although it would start contributing significant EBITDA from only 2023-24 onward. San Gabriel has an estimated annual production capacity of 120,000-150,000 ounces of gold. Buenaventura has faced a number of operational challenges and disruptions including lower ore grades, lower recoveries, limited availability of transportation vehicles and reduced workforce because of the pandemic. Additionally, in September 2021, Buenaventura announced that the local community surrounding the Uchucchacua mine started a strike. Uchucchacua generates negative EBITDA and free cash flow and we expect this to be the case through 2023.

Upon debt repayment the company’s capital structure will comprise the $550 million senior unsecured bond due in 2026 and other bank facilities totaling $813 million, from $1,109 million at year-end 2021. Buenaventura’s liquidity will be adequate, supported by the company’s around $288 million in cash as of September 2021, net proceeds from the proposed transaction and dividends from its affiliate, Cerro Verde. These funds positively compare with the company’s expected negative free cash flow at around $30 million which includes $250 million of total capex, no dividends and no material debt amortization.

Headquartered in Lima, Peru, Buenaventura is a mining company engaged in the exploration, mining and processing of gold, silver, copper, zinc and lead in Peru. Following this transaction, Buenaventura has five wholly owned and two majority-owned mines, as well as a 19.58% stake in Cerro Verde, one of the world’s largest copper mines and a 40.1% stake in Coimolache, which owns the Tantahuatay gold mine that Buenaventura operates. Buenaventura is controlled by the Benavides family (27% of the voting stock), and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Lima Stock Exchange. For the 12 months that ended September 2021, the company generated $883 million in revenue and Moody’s adjusted leverage was 5.4x.

Credit Outlook: 14 February 2022. Pg. 6
Moody’s Investors Service